Normal Adjectives Normal adjectives are those that come before a noun. For example in a phrase like “beautiful girl”, or “new car”. Normal adjectives always agree in gender, and case with the noun that they are describing. This means that there are several ending for each adjective. There are two systems to make the adjectives. Use the ‘Soft Adjectives’ table for those adjectives ending in “-ний”, otherwise use the ‘Hard Adjectives’ Normal Adjectives - Hard (“-ый”, “-ой”, “-ий” (but not “-ний”)) Hard Adjectives are by far the most common. Just substitute “-ый” for “-ой”, or “-ий” where needed. (other table entries remain the same).
For example, the word "новый" (new) ends in the letters -ый so we use the forms above.
Normal Adjectives - Soft (“-ний”) The soft form or normal adjectives is less common. It's for adjectives ending in “-ний”.
You will notice that the soft adjectives simply use the soft form of the first added vowel. ("ы" becomes "и", "а" becomes "я", "о" becomes "е","у" becomes "ю"). Otherwise the hard and soft forms are basically the same. Remember that "его", and "ого", the "г" is pronounced like the english letter "v" For example, the word "синий" (dark blue) ends in the letters -ий so we use the forular above.
Short Adjectives The second main type of Russian adjectives are the ‘short form’. We don’t really have this form in English, but we do use adjectives the same way. The short form is generally used to make a statement about something. In English it normally follows the word “is” or “are”. For example, “You are beautiful”, “He is busy”. Notice that the adjective is not followed by a noun. The use of the short form is generally limited to such simple sentences. It is important to note that not all adjectives can have a short form, (but most do). One notable example is русский (Russian). Cases are not relevant when using short adjectives, as you only need the nominative case when making such statements. The adjective should still agree in gender with the noun. Masculine nouns just use the stem of the adjective in the short form. Feminine adds “а”. Neuter adds “о”. Plural adds “ы” or “и”. If the adjective is masculine and the stem ends in two consonants, then add a vowel (“о”, “е” or “ё”) so that the word is easier to read.
For Example.
Prepositional case of nouns
Prepositional case (In, At and About = о, в, на) The use of nouns in prepositional case
Home work:
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